Thyroidectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland, which is the gland in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Removal of only one lobe of the thyroid is called thyroid lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy.

PARTS OF THE BODY INVOLVED

Front of the neck and the thyroid gland

REASONS FOR PROCEDURE

All or part of the thyroid gland may be surgically removed for any of the following reasons:

Thyroid cancer (benign nodule or malignancy)
Very large or toxic goiter (enlarged thyroid) due to hyperthyroidism
Some cases of Grave's disease (a form of hyperthyroidism)

RISK FACTORS FOR COMPLICATIONS DURING THE PROCEDURE

Obesity
Smoking
Alcoholism
Poor nutrition
Severe chronic illness, such as poorly controlled diabetes

WHAT TO EXPECT

Prior to Procedure

Physical exam
Laboratory and/or imaging tests to assess thyroid function
Thyroid medication (to suppress thyroid activity in patients with hyperthyroidism)
Iodine treatments for 10-15 days before surgery
Fine needle aspiration biopsy to determine if a tumor or nodule is cancerous (in some cases)

During Procedure:

Anesthesia
Breathing tube (intubation)
Horizontal incision in the front of your neck

Anesthesia – General

Description of the Procedure - A horizontal incision is made in the front of the neck. The skin is pulled away from the incision and held back with retractors or stitches. Bleeding vessels are clamped and tied off. The surgeon separates muscles, blood vessels, and nerves in the neck to access the thyroid gland. All or part of the thyroid gland is cut away from its attachment to other tissues in the neck and removed. Bleeding is controlled with instruments that compress, constrict, and cauterize the ends of blood vessels. The incision is closed and the edges of skin are stitched together.

When this gland is removed to treat thyroid cancer, lymph nodes in the area may also be removed in case the cancer has metastasized.

After Procedure:

Stitches or staples in the front of your neck
Discomfort in your neck for several days
Hoarse voice for a few days (in some cases)
Thyroid medication (in many cases, including all cases of total thyroidectomy) to compensate for loss of thyroid function
Radioactive iodine treatments (in some cases of thyroid cancer)

How Long Will It Take? About 2 hours

Will It Hurt? Anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure, but pain after the procedure is common.

Possible Complications:

Infection
Bleeding
Scarring
Voice changes due to damage to nerves leading to the voice box (rare)
Damage to the parathyroid gland, which controls calcium metabolism
Thyrotoxic crisis (sudden excessive production of thyroid hormone to toxic levels)

Hledání účinného řešení na erektilní dysfunkci často vede muže k výběru přípravku Cialis, který je známý svou dlouhou dobou účinku a vysokou účinností. Tento lék pomáhá mužům dosáhnout pevné erekce a zároveň umožňuje větší přirozenost při plánování intimních okamžiků. Jeho účinek trvá mnohem déle než u jiných léků na podporu erekce, což z něj činí ideální volbu pro ty, kteří hledají maximální komfort. Dříve bylo nutné mít na tento lék lékařský předpis, dnes si jej však mnoho mužů objednává pohodlně online. Stále více z nich se rozhoduje pro Cialis bez předpisu, protože tato možnost jim umožňuje získat lék bez nutnosti návštěvy lékaře. Online nákup je nejen pohodlný, ale také cenově výhodnější, a navíc nabízí rychlé doručení a naprostou diskrétnost.

Average Hospital Stay: 1-3 days

Postoperative Care:

Keep the incision clean and dry
Do not get the incision wet for 5-7 days, if it does get wet, dry it immediately
Do not apply make-up, lotion, or cream to the incision area
Perform neck exercises as instructed by your doctor
Take all medications as prescribed by your doctor

OUTCOME

The outcomes after surgery depend on the reason for thyroidectomy.

If the thyroid was removed to treat hyperthyroidism, the following symptoms should subside:

Excessive fatigue
Weight loss
Nervousness
Rapid heart beat
Excessive sweating
Feeling of being hot
Tremors
Menstrual cycle irregularities

V dnešní době stále více lidí dává přednost online nákupu léčiv, zejména pokud jde o přípravky na erektilní dysfunkci. Důvodem je nejen větší pohodlí, ale také možnost vyhnout se lékařským prohlídkám a zdlouhavému procesu získání předpisu. Jedním z nejčastěji vyhledávaných léků v této oblasti je Kamagra, která se stala populární alternativou k Viagře. Muži, kteří hledají snadný způsob, jak tento lék získat, mohou koupit Kamagru bez lékařského předpisu, čímž si ušetří nejen čas, ale i nepříjemné rozhovory s lékařem. Online nákup nabízí řadu výhod – od nižších cen přes rychlé doručení až po anonymitu celého procesu. Díky tomu si mohou zákazníci zajistit kvalitní a účinnou léčbu bez jakýchkoli zbytečných překážek, a to z pohodlí svého domova.

If the thyroid was removed to treat a thyroid tumor, nodule, or excessive goiter, the outcomes include:

Removal of cancerous tissue from the body
Improvement in swallowing or airflow that may have been compromised by an oversized thyroid gland

CALL YOUR DOCTOR IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING OCCURS

Numbness or tingling around the lips or extremities
Twitching or spasms
Excessive and progressive fatigue
Signs of infection, including fever and chills
Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or discharge from the incision site
Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, or severe nausea or vomiting

SOURCES:

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

The Thyroid Society for Education and Research

Alexander's Care of the Patient During Surgery, 11th ed. Mosby, 1999